What causes stuttering in speech?!
Question: No single, exclusive cause of developmental stuttering is known. A variety of hypotheses and theories suggest multiple factors contributing to stuttering.[11] Among these is the strong evidence that stuttering has a genetic basis.[21] Children who have first-degree relatives who stutter are three times as likely to develop a stutter.[22] However, twin and adoption studies suggest that genetic factors interact with environmental factors for stuttering to occur,[23] and forty to seventy percent of stutterers have no family history of the disorder.[24] There is evidence that stuttering is more common in children who also have concomitant speech, language, learning or motor difficulties.[25]
In some stutterers, congenital factors may play a role. These may include physical trauma at or around birth, including cerebral palsy, retardation, or stressful situations, such as the birth of a sibling, moving, or a sudden growth in linguistic ability.[23][21]
There is clear empirical evidence for structural and functional differences in the brains of stutterers. Research is complicated somewhat by the possibility that such differences could be the consequences of stuttering rather than a cause, but recent research on older children confirm structural differences thereby giving strength to the argument that at least some of the differences are not a consequence of stuttering.[26][27]
Auditory processing deficits have also been proposed as a cause of stuttering. Stuttering is less prevalent in deaf and hard of hearing individuals,[28] and stuttering may be improved when auditory feedback is altered, such as masking, delayed auditory feedback (DAF), or frequency altered feedback.[29][11] There is some evidence that the functional organization of the auditory cortex may be different in stutterers.[11]
There is evidence of differences in linguistic processing between stutterers and non-stutterers.[30] Brain scans of adult stutterers have found increased activation of the right hemisphere, which is associated with emotions, than in the left hemisphere, which is associated with speech. In addition reduced activation in the left auditory cortex has been observed.[11][23]
The capacities and demands model has been proposed to account for the heterogeneity of the disorder. In this approach, speech performance varies depending on the capacity that the individual has for producing fluent speech, and the demands placed upon the person by the speaking situation. Capacity for fluent speech, which may affected by a predisposition to the disorder, auditory processing or motor speech deficits, and cognitive or affective issues. Demands may be increased by internal factors such as lack of confidence or self esteem or inadequate language skills or external factors such as peer pressure, time pressure, stressful speaking situations, insistence on perfect speech etc. In stuttering, the severity of the disorder is seen as likely to increase when demands placed on the person's speech and language system is exceeded by their capacity to deal to these pressures.
Answers: No single, exclusive cause of developmental stuttering is known. A variety of hypotheses and theories suggest multiple factors contributing to stuttering.[11] Among these is the strong evidence that stuttering has a genetic basis.[21] Children who have first-degree relatives who stutter are three times as likely to develop a stutter.[22] However, twin and adoption studies suggest that genetic factors interact with environmental factors for stuttering to occur,[23] and forty to seventy percent of stutterers have no family history of the disorder.[24] There is evidence that stuttering is more common in children who also have concomitant speech, language, learning or motor difficulties.[25]
In some stutterers, congenital factors may play a role. These may include physical trauma at or around birth, including cerebral palsy, retardation, or stressful situations, such as the birth of a sibling, moving, or a sudden growth in linguistic ability.[23][21]
There is clear empirical evidence for structural and functional differences in the brains of stutterers. Research is complicated somewhat by the possibility that such differences could be the consequences of stuttering rather than a cause, but recent research on older children confirm structural differences thereby giving strength to the argument that at least some of the differences are not a consequence of stuttering.[26][27]
Auditory processing deficits have also been proposed as a cause of stuttering. Stuttering is less prevalent in deaf and hard of hearing individuals,[28] and stuttering may be improved when auditory feedback is altered, such as masking, delayed auditory feedback (DAF), or frequency altered feedback.[29][11] There is some evidence that the functional organization of the auditory cortex may be different in stutterers.[11]
There is evidence of differences in linguistic processing between stutterers and non-stutterers.[30] Brain scans of adult stutterers have found increased activation of the right hemisphere, which is associated with emotions, than in the left hemisphere, which is associated with speech. In addition reduced activation in the left auditory cortex has been observed.[11][23]
The capacities and demands model has been proposed to account for the heterogeneity of the disorder. In this approach, speech performance varies depending on the capacity that the individual has for producing fluent speech, and the demands placed upon the person by the speaking situation. Capacity for fluent speech, which may affected by a predisposition to the disorder, auditory processing or motor speech deficits, and cognitive or affective issues. Demands may be increased by internal factors such as lack of confidence or self esteem or inadequate language skills or external factors such as peer pressure, time pressure, stressful speaking situations, insistence on perfect speech etc. In stuttering, the severity of the disorder is seen as likely to increase when demands placed on the person's speech and language system is exceeded by their capacity to deal to these pressures.
I think it's genetical.
I don't really know...I stutter sometimes, but that's because I used to fake-stutter cuz people thought it was cute when I was younger, and so like...the habbit kind of stuck I guess
some people are just nervous but with will power they can overcome it, or sometimes its much more and people need speech therapy to help them.
Nervousness, adrendalin being pumped round your body blanks your mind you become confused, your brain tells you what your saying but it doesnt register propperly.
fo fo for me it was being dr drowped on my head towe many times.
genetics.
the brain.
some outside factors.
Apparently it can be cured with psychotherapy...
My sister has that problem and my mom says its because when she was pregnate with her my sister had a stroke inside my mom so now my sister has a spot on her brain that controls her speech so she cant help but stutter. Another reason is a nervous condition that makes the vocal cords act funny and some people stutter because they dont breath right needless to say its complicated
a glitch in the brain. I've just st st started to st st stutter.my my myself! weird huh? no but really i've been stuttering lately
My ex boyfriend stuttered, he was cheating on me, could he have been trying to tell me something?
i found kids who have dominating, unpredictable moms often stammer.
Stutterers are taught to understand what processes interfere with fluent speech and to speak without the disruptions caused by tension.
The term stuttering is most commonly associated with involuntary sound repetition, but it also encompasses the abnormal hesitation or pausing before speech, referred to by stutterers as blocks, and the prolongation of certain sounds, usually vowels. Much of what constitutes "stuttering" cannot be noted by the listener; this includes such things as sound and word fears, situational fears, anxiety, tension, self-pity, stress, shame, and a feeling of "loss of control" during speech.
The real answer is........The lack of confidence in one self.
i think the answer from Mr tall_ali says it all... really well..
but i am surprised with the answers of some of the others.. people still have wrong notions like..head injury..etc can cause stuttering....
Stuttering is an indication that speech is a complex motor act dependent on so many sub skills.. though it has basis in neuro-maturational factors.. the learning-psychological aspects are equally important too...though we do not try to find out the cause of stuttering in each patient we see.. we do attempt to look at all the factors which increases or reinforces stuttering behaviour
"What causes stuttering? There are four factors most likely to contribute to the development of stuttering: genetics ( approximately 60% of those who stutter have a family member who does also); child development (children with other speech and language problems or developmental delays are more likely to stutter); neurophysiology ( recent research has shown that people who stutter process speech and language in different areas of the brain than those who do not stutter); and family dynamics ( high expectations and fast-paced lifestyles can contribute to stuttering).
Stuttering may occur when a combination of factors comes together and may have different causes in different people. It is probable that what causes stuttering differs from what makes it continue or get worse."
For my family, it is genetics.