What are the pathophysiology of a patient with acute pulmonary oedema?!


Question: What are the pathophysiology of a patient with acute pulmonary oedema!?
and what co-morbildities affect the patient,s careWww@Answer-Health@Com


Answers:
It is essential to have in mind that acute pulmonary edema is one of the most common medical emergency and very lifetreathing!. The intervention must be done as soon as the diagnosis was suspected!. It can be difined as the signs and symptoms that grossly represent the tranference of fluids from intravascular compartment to interstitium and consequently to the alveolu!. Since both cardiac and non-cacdiac disease can produce pulmonary edema, the physician should be aware of underlyieng conditions that can be precipitating the problem!. The clinical problem is complicated due to patients have frequently cardiac and pulmonary disease concurrently!.

Pathophysiology
The physiopathology of Acute Pulmonary Edema is similar to that in which subcutaneous tissues are involved ; an imbalance in Starlin Forces is the key point to fluid accumulation in interstitium and alveolus!.

The mechanism responsable to keep the interstitium and alveolus dry are three : 1-Plasma oncotic pressure (25mm Hg) higher than pulmonary capillary pressure (7-12 mmHg) 2-Connective tissue and cellular barriers relatively impermeable to plasma proteins 3-Extensive lymphatic system

The opposing forces that most likely are responsable for fluid transference to interstitium are : 1-Pumonary capilar pressure 2- Plasma oncotic pressure

When normal mechanisms to keep the lung dry either malfunction or are overwhelmed by excess fluid, edema tends to accumulate through a predictable sequence of steps!. This process has been divided into three stages :

Stage 1 - Fluid transfer is increased into the lung interstitium; because lymphatic flow also increases, no net increase in interstitial volume occurs!.

Stage 2 - The capacity of the lymphatics to drain excess fluid is exceeded and liquid begins to accumulate in the interstitial spaces that surround the bronchioles and lung vasculature (which yields the roentgenographic pattern of interstitial pulmonary edema)!.

Stage 3 - As fluid continues to build up, increased pressure causes it to track into the interstitial space around the alveoli and finally to disrupt the tight junctions of the alveolar membranes!. Fluid first builds up in the periphery of the alveolar capillary membranes and finally floods the alveoli !. During stage 3 the roentgenographic picture of alveolar pulmonary edema is generated and gas exchange becomes impaired!.In addition to the processes occurring at the level of each alveolus, gravity also exerts an important influence on the fluid mechanics of the lung!. Because blood is much denser than air and air-containing tissue, the effect of gravity on it is most pronounced!. Under normal circunstances more perfusion occurs at the lung bases than at the apices; however, when pulmonary venous pressures rise and when fluid begins to accumulate at the lung bases the blood flow begins to be redistributed toward the apices!.

I hope this research has helped you in some small way!. If you need more info just go to this site for more info!.!.!.!.!.all the best!.Www@Answer-Health@Com





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