Foamy pee, after wheat protein shakes?!

Normal urinalysis means there's nothing wrong with your kidney. If its foamy, its usually means from dietary.

I've seen foamy urine when I was doing urinalysis in the hospital urine section some time ago and usually it doesn't matter and comes up normal if the urine is clear. Its just air.

If you still have some concern, go to an endocrinologist and have a second opinion, if he think 24hr is necessary, just do it without the supplements.

bachelor degree in biomedical science

If I were you I wouldn't take artificial food supplements at all. They are advertised everywhere but their effect is very harmful in the long run... I would build my muscles the natural way - there are programs like that!
Also keep in mind that whatever your body needs can be found in natural foods. Eat healthy, home made meals and you will see great results without risking to ruin your health.

The urine test is a standard one usually aimed at showing if there is any infection in your body. You have ot ask for a detailed one if you want to see specific elements in it.
Anyway foamy pee is not a good sign.

WHEAT, ALTHOUGH GOOD FOR YOU, CAN BE VERY HIGH IN CARBS WHICH TURNS INTO SUGAR AND CAN CAUSE HIGH GLUCOSE LEVELS THAT SPILL OUT INTO YOUR URINE. WATCH CARB INTAKE AND DRINK PLENTY OF WATER